Checked baggage weight/size/number limits vary depending on the airline, the class of fare, and the country of origin. For US domestic flights, one is typically limited to 2 pieces of checked baggage (excluding luggage carriers), each of which has a total length + width+ height less than 62" (or 72") and weighs less than 70 pounds (32kg). For domestic travel within a reign country, however, the limit is by weight, not piece count, usually 20kg.
For international travel the weight limits for couch, business class,and first class are 20kg, 30kg, and 40kg, respectively. But if the fare is for travel to or from North America , the baggage limit is that of the entire journey, even if one leg would normally have a lower limit. So for international travel from the USA , for example, coach passengers would be limited to 2 bags (piece rule) and not just 20kg (weight rule). The key here is that the fare is a 'through fare'. If you switch airlines instead of taking a direct flight, you may be subject to a lower baggage limit for that portion of your journey. If this matters to you, make sure either that you are ticketed as a through fare, or that the tickets are endorsed to permit the higher piece rule baggage limits (e.g., "2 pieces allowed with trans-Atlantic connection").
Unchecked carry-on baggage is usually limited to 2 bags, which must fit under the seat in front of you or in the overhead compartment. Purses, cameras, coats, and similar items are usually excluded from the limit. Garment bags are also often excluded, especially for first class customers. Sometimes the limit will be reduced to 1 bag, especially on very full flights. Oversize articles (e.g., skis, bicycles, moose heads) must be checked.
For US domestic flights, the official size for carry-on bags is 21" x 14" x 9", and 2 bags is the usual limit. If the flight isn't full, you can usually get away with slightly bigger bags. If they see you struggling with your bags, or you're carrying far too many bags, or you ask if your bag is ok, they'll probably ask you to check the bag at the gate. Purses usually don't count towards the number of bags limit (depends on the purse of course -- there are some mammoth purses out there). If you're carrying non-checkable items (e.g., computers or electronics), they'll probably let you carry them on. If your bag is extremely heavy, DO NOT put it in the overhead bin -- the latches aren't very strong, and having a 40 pound bag fall on your head during a flight isn't pleasant.
If you do have excess baggage, it is cheaper to pay the excess baggage charges than to ship it by air freight. (This is why courier travel exists -- it is often cheaper for a company to pay for an airline ticket than it is for them to pay freight charges.) Rates airlines charge for excess baggage vary considerably, so it pays to call around before purchasing a ticket. For international travel the charge is typically 1% of the first class fare per kilogram.
Baggage limit rules are enforced very unevenly, particularly on flights which aren't very full.
Most aircraft have room for onboard storage of one folding wheelchair. If the wheelchair is checked, the airline is responsible for reassembling it if necessary.
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